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              <text>Watercolor over pencil</text>
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                <text>Illustration of Elizabethan Bear Baiting</text>
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                <text>England--Social life and customs--16th century</text>
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                <text>In this scene, a bear chained to a large wooden stake in the middle of the arena prepares to defend itself against the on-rushing pack of dogs.  In the lower left corner of the illustration, an animal handler/referee watches the scene with a large wooden club in his hand.  The illustration also depicts the multi-story construction of the Elizabethan bear baiting arena.  While spectators on the ground floor are crowded amongst one another, the well-to-do spectators on the upper balcony have more elbow room and a less obstructed viewing perspective.</text>
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                <text>Hodges, C. Walter (Cyril Walter), 1909-2004</text>
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                <text>Hodges, C. Walter. Shakespeare's&lt;em&gt; Theater&lt;/em&gt; (New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1967), p. 49.</text>
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                <text>1967 (First American Impression)</text>
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If you wish to reproduce this item for publishing or commercial purposes, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.&#13;
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If you are the copyright owner and feel that your copyright has been violated, please contact embta.ucsb@gmail.com.</text>
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                <text>Detail of Second Globe Theatre and Bear Garden, "Long View of London from Bankside"</text>
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                <text>Image Description: This detailed view depicts two key Bankside (i.e., located along the south bank of the Thames River) entertainment options for Elizabethan audiences:  the second Globe Theater and the nearby Bear-baiting Arena.  Across the Thames River are several other notable London landmarks, including Blackfriars, the Essex and Arundel houses, and Convent Garden.</text>
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                <text>Scholarly significance: The structural similarities between the Bankside theater and bear-baiting arena are significant.  The first purpose-built playhouses in Elizabethan London were modeled on preexisting animal baiting arenas (bull and bear), and the two forms of entertainment were in fierce competition with one another.  A 1591 law actually mandated the closing of public theaters on Thursdays, to protect the economic interests of  animal baiting promoters.  One of the later purpose-built playhouses, the Hope, was a hybrid arena that hosted plays on some nights and animal baiting shows on others.  Not surprisingly, given the competing interests, the venture proved unsuccessful.</text>
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                <text>Hollar, Wenceslaus, 1607-1677</text>
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                <text>Detail of Rose Theatre and Bear Baiting Arena, Panorama of London</text>
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